Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Makoto Sakurai
National Institute for Materials Science, Japan
Keynote: Dynamic defect-manipulation induced novel functionality in SnO2
Time : 9:30 - 10:00
Biography:
Makoto Sakurai got his PhD from Keio University on the topic, "Magnetism And Structure of Magnetic Superlattice". He studied mechanism of atom-manipulation using scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and also developed a new technique of STM-induced light emission from atomic structures with the atom-resolved spatial resolution, as a researcher at RIKEN and NIMS. He is studying new functionality caused by dynamic defects-manipulation in wide-band-gap oxide nano/microstructures to achieve new-type computing architectures from 2007 and is also investigating for controlled self-assembly of peptide/molecules from 2013, as a Senior Researcher at NIMS.
Abstract:
Disordered systems have been studied for scientifi c interest and also for unique potential applications. Recently, the conductance of a single-crystal SnO2 microrod on a flexible substrate was found to show reversible semiconductorinsulator transition by applying mechanical stress and an appropriate voltage. The decrease of the conductance is caused by the creation of lattice defects in mechanically bent microrods, because the defects work as trapping sites for carriers. With the increase of the stress, the strain leads to the formation of slip planes in the rutile structure. The microrod changes continuously from its normal semiconducting state to the insulating state by bending the fl exible substrate. Th e insulating state is maintained after releasing the stress. Interestingly, the insulating state reverts to the original semiconducting state by the electrical healing of the defects. The transition can be tuned in a reversible and non-volatile manner. We applied this unique feature in SnO2 microrods to the application of ultraviolet (UV) photodetector, and tried to solve the persistent photoconductivity (PPC) problem in wide-band-gap semiconductors, which originated from a very long lifetime of photo-excited electrons. We demonstrated one solution to the problem by high photoconductive gain (~1.5×109) and quick recovery speed (<1 s) of the simple SnO2 microrod photoconductor. Th e quick recovery speed to the excited electrons with long life time was achieved by a novel “Reset” process: Bending and straightening the microrod and subsequently applying a voltage pulse. We also discuss about unique humidity sensing of the SnO2-based core-shell devices.
Keynote Forum
Uma Batra
PEC University of Technology, India
Keynote: Novel nanocrystalline bioactive coatings for Ti6Al4V bio-implants
Time : 10:00-10:30
Biography:
Uma Batra is Professor and Head of Department of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering and Dean of Faculty Affairs at PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, India, a premier institute with a history of more than 100 years. Significantly PEC is the almamater of the late Indo-American astronaut and Aeronautical Engineering student Kalpana Chawla. Her research areas include nano hydroxyapatite for bioimplants, bioactive coatings on metallic implants. She has authored more than 100 research papers in national and international journals. She has delivered more than 50 invited talks in the area of Metallurgy and Materials. She was nominated offi cially in 2007 as the fi rst Indian Woman Engineer Representative to the U.S Society of Women Engineers (SWE) US by a delegation from the American Society of Engineering Education.
Abstract:
Bone is a connective tissue composed of an organic collagenous matrix and a fine dispersion of reinforcing inorganic hydroxyapatite nanocrystals, whose synergistic and hierarchical structure renders unique properties to bone tissue in terms of hardness, flexibility and regenerative capacity. Metallic materials offer mechanical properties like resilience and strength required to replicate bone tissue in load-bearing applications. However, the success or failure of an implant depends on its interaction with the surrounding tissue. Thus mechanical as well as biological properties of bone implants should be most favorable for its swift and strong bonding with the bone tissue. Ti6Al4V as bio-implant in orthopedic research received a lot of attention in recent years because of its good biocompatibility and mechanical properties. However, it suffers from release of nickel and chromium ions in human body. In this concern, coatings can be applied to Ti6Al4V to reduce the ion release tendency and also to facilitate the process of bone healing. Hydroxyapatite is the most evident candidate for application as coating to improve the performance of Ti6Al4V bio-implants. The keynote will focus on an overview of recent trends and strategies that are currently being investigated to improve the performance of Ti6Al4V bio-implants in terms of functionality and biological efficacy.
Keynote Forum
Yuko S Yamamoto
Kagawa University, Japan
Keynote: Further perspectives on nanostructures for single-molecule vibrational spectroscopy
Time : 10:50-11:20
Biography:
Yuko S Yamamoto is growing as a Spectroscopist particularly based on Raman Spectroscopy and Plasmon-Enhanced Spectroscopy. She studied Raman Spectroscopy and completed her PhD (2011) in Prof. Yukihiro Ozaki laboratory in Kwansei Gakuin University, Japan. Then she started surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) under the supervision of Prof. Tamitake Itoh as a Post-doctoral fellow at National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan, and received the research fellowship for young scientists position of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) in Kagawa University, Japan (2014). Her specialties are Raman Spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Her current research interests are plasmon-enhanced single-molecule vibrational spectroscopies i.e., SERS, Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), surface-enhanced coherent anti-stokes Raman spectroscopy (SE-CARS) and surface-enhanced hyper Raman scattering (SEHRS).
Abstract:
The concept of “Single-molecule spectroscopy” becomes widely known in recent days, particularly aft er the nobel lecture in chemistry in 2014, which is entitled “Single-molecule spectroscopy, imaging, and photocontrol: Foundations for super-resolution microscopy” by the novel laureate W. E. Moerner. Th is talk focused on the development of super-resolved fl uorescence microscopy using fl uorescent tags attached to specifi c molecules. While, as a spectroscopist, one can expect the phrase “single-molecule spectroscopy” to directly obtain the vibrational information from any type of single specifi c molecule by this technique, since we know that the important technical backgrounds for it may already exist as i.e., surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS), surface-enhanced coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering (SE-CARS) or surface-enhanced hyper Raman scattering (SEHRS). Th ese plasmon-enhanced vibrational spectroscopies have a certain potential to detect any type of molecules at single-molecule level. However, only few specifi c molecules were reported as target molecules at single-molecule level using SERS, TERS, SE-CARS and SEHRS, therefore, the conceptual steps remains to realize a further achievement on “Single-molecule spectroscopy”. In this meeting, we will discuss perspectives for what will be needed to complete the single-molecule vibrational spectroscopy. Every researchers working on plasmon-enhanced vibrational spectroscopy (SERS, TERS and SE-CARS), vibrational spectroscopy and/or plasmonics are all welcome to the meeting. Nanotechnology for plasmon-enhanced vibrational spectroscopy will also be discussed as an important topic.
- Advanced Nanomaterials ; Nano Materials Synthesis and Characterisation ; Nano Medicine and Nano Biotechnology ; Nanotech for Energy and Environment ; Nano Science and Technology ; Nano Computational Modelling
Chair
Gerd Kaupp
University of Oldenburg, Germany
Co-Chair
Jorg Kroger
Technical University of Ilmenau, Germany
Session Introduction
Dongsheng Li
Pacifi c Northwest National Laboratory, USA
Title: In situ investigations of particle-mediated crystal growth
Biography:
Dongsheng Li completed her PhD in 2005 from Penn State University, majoring in Material Science and Engineering. Her PhD research focused on nanomaterials synthesis and characterization. She spent three years at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory as a Project Scientist, developing methods with in situ TEM and AFM to investigate particle nucleation and growth, and particle mediated crystal growth. She is currently a Staff Scientist at Pacifi c Northwest National Laboratory. She has published over 30 papers in respected journals and has been serving as a reviewer for journals such as Journal of Physics, Nanotechnology and the Journal of the American Ceramic Society, etc.
Abstract:
Assembly of molecular clusters and nanoparticles in solution is now recognized as an important mechanism of crystal growth in many materials, yet the assembly process and attachment mechanisms are poorly understood. To achieve this understanding, we are investigating nucleation and assembly of iron and titanium oxides using in situ and ex-situ TEM, and the forces that drive oriented attachment between nanocrystals and the factors that control them via AFM-based dynamic force spectroscopy (DFS). Our hypothesis is that attachment is due to reduction of surface energy and the driving forces that bring the particles together are a mix dipole-dipole interactions, van der Waals forces, and Coulombic interactions. Th erefore, they can be controlled via pH, ionic strength (IS), and ionic speciation. In-situ TEM shows that, in the iron oxide system, primary particles interact with one another through translational and rotational diff usion until a near-perfect lattice match is obtained either with true crystallographic alignment or across a twin plane. Oriented attachment then occurs through a sudden jump-to-contact. Analysis of the acceleration during attachment indicates it is driven by electrostatic attraction. situ TEM analysis shows that the TiO2 nanowire branching occurs through attachment of anatase nanoparticles to rutile wires on a specific crystallographic plane for which the anatase-to-rutile transformation leads to creation of a twin plane. Initial DFS measurements of the forces between (001) crystal basal planes of mica, and (001) planes of TiO2 show that the forces have strong relationship to pH, IS, and crystal orientation.
Aladin Ullrich
University of Augsburg, Germany
Title: Infl uence of synthesis parameters on size, shape, composition and magnetic properties of transition metal oxide nanoparticles
Biography:
Aladin Ullrich has completed his PhD from Augsburg University, Germany. He is the Co-ordinator of the Nano Research Group by Prof. Dr. S Horn, at the University of Augsburg, Germany.
Abstract:
We have investigated the influence of synthesis parameters on the properties of transition metal oxide nanoparticles prepared by thermal decomposition of metalorganic precursors in high-boiling solvents (Tboil>300°C). The focus of the work was on the production of monodispersed iron and manganese oxide particles. By varying synthesis parameters, ferrite as well as core/shell particles, in the size range from <10 up to 20 nm with different composition and different shapes were produced. Size, shape and composition were investigated using energy fi ltered Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Electron diffraction as well as X- ray diff raction was used for crystal structure analysis. Magnetic properties of the particles were investigated by SQUID magnetometer. An exchange bias was found for particles with an antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic interface, while ferrite (MnxFe2-x)FeO4 particles showed a tunable saturation magnetization depending on the Fe/Mn ratio. Various applications, like in the fi eld of polymer processing, will be discussed.
Biography:
Dominic Tessier is a renowned industry expert with extensive experience in the fi eld of surface treatments, coatings, polymers and fi bers. He is working as a Senior Scientist at CTT Group which involves problem-solving, mentoring, consultation, and the formulation and facilitation of projects. Currently, he is a Professional Chemist, Member of ASTM Technical Committee E35 on Pesticides, Antimicrobials, and Alternative Control Agents and F23 on Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment.
Abstract:
Coatings for self-cleaning fabrics and garments are becoming progressively important because they point toward the ideal situation where minimal washings, care and repairs are needed. The self-cleaning property will lead to the reduction soap, water and energy required for washings; this reduction is desirable to preserve the resources, the environment and extend the lifetime of fabrics and garments. The self cleaning property of textiles was for many years associated with superhydrophobic surfaces – a phenomenon first observed in the lotus leaf and so named the lotus effect. In this work, we present crystalline nano-structured ZnO clusters, synthetized from a microwave accelerated reaction (Zaman et al; 2013) that were used as a colloidal suspension for the preparation of self-cleaning formulations. The aqueous formulations were applied in a dip-coating process to different textile fabric blends. The intended benefit from such nano-structured ZnO clusters is to produce a micro-roughness and a nano-structure on the surface of the fibers. Wettability studies on the finished fabrics were made by water contact angle measurements and standard test methods such as AATCC 22 (Water Repellency, Spray Test) and AATCC 118 (Oil repellency, Hydrocarbon Resistance Test). Surface morphology analysis was performed by SEM. The effect of repeated washings and resistance to abrasion will also be presented.
Haider Butt
University of Birmingham, UK
Title: Printable holograms and nanophotonic devices via laser ablation
Biography:
Haider Butt is a Lecturer (Assistant Professor) at the University of Birmingham, UK. Previously, he was a Henslow Research Fellow at the University of Cambridge, from where he received his PhD degree in April 2012. He has published over 45 peer-reviewed journal papers and around 25 conference publications. His research work focuses on photonic devices based on nanostructures like carbon nanotubes, graphene and plasmonic nanostructures. His research work has received substantial recognition in the form of awards and media interviews. He has secured several prestigious research awards including Philip Leverhulme Prize.
Abstract:
Nanostructures due to their vast applications have been the focus of enormous research in the past decade. Th e key challenge for producing nanostructures based commercial applications is the scaling up of the fabrication process. We present the fabrication of ink based nanostructures by using the fast and commercially viable method of holographic laser ablation. A pulsed laser beam was irradiated onto a glass substrate coated with a thin semi-absorbing coating (ink or gold thin fi lms), which was to be nanopatterned. Th e beam is passed through the sample and is refl ected from the mirror below. Interference occurs between the two laser beams traveling in opposite directions, resulting in an interference pattern which ablates a well-ordered grating on to the surface. Th e period of the grating is determined by the incident wavelength (λ) and tilt angle (θ) of the sample with respect to normal incidence. In this manner, we recorded various holographic nanopatterns onto thin fi lms of ink/gold. Using this quick, scale and economical method, we produced several nanophotonic devices, such as optical gratings, lenses and holograms.
Jorg Kroger
Technical University of Ilmenau, Germany
Title: Manipulating and characterizing matter at the atomic scale
Biography:
Jörg Kröger has completed his PhD from Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (Germany). Since 2010, he has been holding a Chair in Experimental Physics at the Technical University of Ilmenau (Germany), where he is currently the Director of the Institute of Physics. He has published more than
100 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of Scanning and Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnolgy.
Abstract:
The scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) enables imaging of surfaces with atomic precision, the spectroscopy of electronic states and vibrational quanta with high energy resolution and the manipulation of matter at the single-atom and single-molecule level. Combining these opportunities in a single experiment is particularly appealing. Th is study will present two examples. The local injection of electrons into a single phthalocyanine molecule adsorbed on graphene-covered Ir(111) induces the abstraction of pyrrolic hydrogen. While the geometric confi guration of the molecule stays invariant, its electronic structure changes considerably. The combination of STM data and density functional calculations unravels the entire depopulation of the highest occupied molecular orbital upon the single-molecule reaction. A new view on electron confi nement at metal surfaces is provided by scanning tunnelling spectroscopy (STS) a top buried nano-cavities at Pb(111). Diff erential conductance data measured by STS show signatures of vertically confined quantum well states. Characteristic spectroscopic fi ne structure reveals additional quantization, which unexpectedly arises from quantum well refl ection at the open boundary where the thin Pb fi lm above the nano-cavity recovers its bulk thickness. Lateral confinement is thus achieved without confi ning potential.
Biography:
Y Hancock obtained her PhD in 2003 at Monash University in Theoretical Quantum Physics and Engineering of Nanoscale Technologies. After completing a Postdoc at Monash, she moved to Aalto University (2006-2009) where she became Research Manager of a large-scale collaboration with Nokia supervising projects on next-generation mobile technologies. In 2009, she was appointed as Lecturer at the University of York where she works with her group on graphene studies and in the fi eld of biomedical research.
Abstract:
Advances in the production of nanographene using top-down fabrication, e.g., e-beam lithography, or by bottom-up, surfaceassisted chemical synthesis have provided much impetus to directly link theory and experiment. The benefits are two-fold. On the theoretical-side this allows the development of more accurate models by direct comparison of simulation with experimental measurement. Such comparisons are vital for understanding the ‘missing’ physics in the theoretical modelling of nanographene. On the experimental side, the creation of accurate, theoretical design tools can greatly reduce experimental trial and error, thus opening the potential for effi cient quantum engineering and device discovery. Th eoretically-informed experiments can also circumvent time consuming and often expensive procedures in determining specific features (size, functionalisation, patterning, etc.) for targeted applications and new intellectual property. To meet these aims, we have developed a computationally and physically transparent minimal model for nanographene coupled to a ‘graphene user interface’ or GRUI. Th e minimal model is computational efficient against density functional theory, and can reach large unit cell sizes for realistic modelling. Th e GRUI can also be directly interfaced with experiment and employed for rapid predictive simulation in nanographene device design. We will demonstrate the accuracy of the method and portray example results (e.g., spin transport) pertaining to our work on patterned and defected graphene nanoribbon devices (top-down), and for chemically-synthesised nanographene (bottom-up) determined via directed, kinetic self-assembly simulation.
Uma Batra and Gurjit Singh
PEC University of Technology, India
Title: Hydroxyapatite based nanostructures for effi cient treatment of lead containing waste water
Biography:
Uma Batra is Professor and Head of Department of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering and Dean of Faculty Affairs at PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, India, a premier institute with a history of more than 100 years. Signifi cantly PEC is the alma mater of the late Indo-American astronaut and Aeronautical Engineering student Kalpana Chawla. Her research areas include nano hydroxyapatite for bioimplants, bioactive coatings on metallic implants. She has authored more than 100 research papers in national and international journals. She has delivered more than 50 invited talks in the area of Metallurgy and Materials. She was nominated offi cially in 2007 as the first Indian Woman Engineer representative to the U.S Society of Women Engineers (SWE) US by a delegation from the American Society of Engineering Education.
Abstract:
The present work deals with the development of hydroxyapatite (n-HA) and hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite (n-HACs) nanostructres for removal of lead ions from aqueous lead containing solutions. The synthesis of n-HA was carried out using solgel route while the n-HACs was prepared by a co-precipitation method. Th e nanostructures were characterised using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diff raction, fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry and thermogravimetric analysis to reveal the morphology, crystal structure, functionality and stability respectively. In order to evaluate the lead removal characteristics of n-HA and n-HACs, adsorption tests were conducted and the results showed better performance of n-HACs than n-HA. The equilibrium Pb+2 ions concentration was identifi ed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Th e infl uence of initial Pb+2 ion concetration, and sorbent dosage on sorption capacity was studied. The kinetics of the sorption process was also investigated. Two models of adsorption isotherms (Freundlich and langmuir) were employed to corelate the results and to understand the adsorption mechanism. Adsorption kinetics and isotherm tests revealed that Pb+2 adsorption to the n-HACs follows pseudo-seond order kinetic and Langmuir-type adsorption respectively.
B Huber
Munich University of Applied Sciences, Germany
Title: Inkjet printing of redox-based resistive switching memory
Biography:
B Huber holds BSc and MSc degrees in Physics from the Technical University of Munich. Since fall 2015, he has been working toward the PhD degree at the Munich University of Applied Sciences in collaboration with the Institut National de la Recherche Scientifi que (INRS) in Montréal. His research interests are in fabrication and characterization of inkjet printed electrochemical memory using various materials
Abstract:
Until now, any computer calculation is hampered by the basic computer architecture: All data has to be shift ed back and forth between fast but volatile random access memory (RAM) and the non-volatile but slow hard drive. Th e ultimate data memory combines non-volatile behaviour together with fast read and write access and a high integration density. Great potential lies in resistively switching memory cells, which consist of a conductor-insulator-conductor structure. By applying appropriate voltages, the cell resistance can be switched between at least two resistance states, corresponding to “0” and “1”. Th e non-volatile resistive memory off ers fast operation speed and low power consumption. We report inkjet printing of resistive memory cells, which provides two additional advantages: Firstly, the printing at ambient conditions makes cleanroom environment obsolete and considerably lowers the production costs. Secondly, printing on fl exible films opens the door to the up-and-coming fi eld of printed electronics, where resistive memory could be integrated in fl exible printed circuits. We use a standard FujiDimatix® 2831 inkjet printer for the printing of all 3 layers of our memory cells. For the conducting electrodes we use organic polymers and various commercial as well as in-house synthesized metal nanoparticle inks. The insulator layer consists of a printed methylsiloxane polymer. As a substrate we use rigid silicon wafers and fl exible polyimide fi lms. Th e cells show the potential for multi-bit data storage. With switching voltages below 3V and switching currents in the nanoampere regime, we already see a substantially lower power consumption compared to flash technology.
M Mebonia
Ilia State University, Georgia
Title: Geometry induced doping in thin si nano-grating layers
Biography:
Mikheil Mebonia has completed his Master’s from Ilia State University and started his PhD at the same university collaborating with RWTH Aachen University. Since 2014, he has been working in Juelich and Fraunhofer Institute of Laser Technology as a PhD Researcher. He is working in Scientifi c and Technological Centre "Nano Structured Materials for Renewable Energy" the School of Engineering in Ilia State University. He has published some papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Recently, new quantum features have been studied in the area of nanostructured layers. Nano-grating on the surface of the thin layer imposes additional boundary conditions on the electron wave function and induces G-doping or geometry doping. G-doping is equivalent to donor doping from the point of view of the increase in electron concentration ‘n’. However, there are no ionized impurities. Th is preserves charge carrier scattering to the intrinsic semiconductor level and increases carrier mobility with respect to the conventionally doped layer. We fabricated Si nano-grating layers and measured their electrical characteristics to monitor geometry induced doping (G-doping). Grating was fabricated using laser interference lithography (375 nm laser) followed by reactive ion etching of Si. Next, large square island (0.3 x 0.3 mm) was shaped in the device layer and four SiTiAg ohmic contacts were formed to measure electrical characteristics. Th e I-V characteristics were recorded using both 4 wire and 2 wire methods. Resistancetemperatureure Þ(T) dependences (T = 300 K) were recorded as well. For all 12 samples, nano-grating layers showed 2-3 order of magnitude reduction in resistivity. Resistivity anisotropy was in the range 0.2-1 at 300 K. Obtained geometry induced doping level corresponds to “eff ective impurity” concentration of 3x1018 cm-3. Th e agreement with G-doping theory, Þ(T) dependence, is that it was observed (data from 12 samples) that nano-grating reduces resistivity of Si layer from ï‚» 10 Ohm cm (plain layer) to 5x10-2- 8x10-3 Ohm cm. Th is reduction is in agreement with theoretical prediction of G-doping. Value 10-2 Ohm cm corresponds to “impurity” concentration of 3x1018 cm-3 (Phosphorous in Si). G-doping does not requires ionized impurities. Th is allows high carrier mobility and temperature independent carrier concentration. Nano-grating fabrication does not require sophisticated technology and can be used for solar cells and other photovoltaic devices, ultra high frequency electronics and power electronics.
Nabeel Almuramady
Cardiff University, UK
Title: Studies of stiction between MEMS microgear teeth by multilevel hierarchical models
Biography:
Nabeel Almuramady is a PhD student at Cardiff University, and has completed his MSc from Al-Nahrain University in 2007.
Abstract:
Tooth surface of a silicon microgear MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) working in the vacuum is modelled by a hierarchical structure of multiple blocks located at different levels. The level of each block is defi ned by the gap between tooth surfaces at each particular instance. The tooth block roughness is modelled at two scales specifi ed by character of interactions: Atomic scale; where chemical interactions occur at nanoscale; where vander Waals interactions are signifi cant. There was no plastic deformation of the tooth surface asperities due to their size and the Polonsky-Keer effect. Friction force and the coeffi cient of friction were calculated using the total energy dissipated during contact between tooth surfaces. Th e adhesion forces act within the so-called “Maugis adhesive layer”, and the force of adhesion is assumed to be equal to the pull-off force for a fl at asperity. Th e numerical simulations show that a high probability contact between clean surfaces in a vacuum environment leads to stiction because the maximum force produced by the MEMS is less than the force of surface’s tangential interactions. To avoid failure of the device of the tooth surfaces, it is suggested to functionalize the tooth surfaces by non-sticking monolayers because the stiction is mainly due to the so-called “cold welding” of clean crystalline materials. The numerical simulations showed that until the functionalizing monolayer is not worn away, the probability of stiction between the functionalized MEMS microgear teeth was greatly reduced.
Zaynab N Alraziqi
Cardiff University, UK
Title: Studies of actual shapes of probes used for AFM tip-based nanomachining
Biography:
Zaynab N Alraziqi has completed her MSc degree in 2004 in Material Science from University of Technology-Baghdad. She worked as Assistant Lecturer at Applied Science Department-Universty of Technology since 2006. In 2013, she was awarded with a PhD scholarship from the Higher Committee for Education Development in Iraq (HCED). She has published 2 papers in national journals in Iraq. She gained a good experince in using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) through her PhD study.
Abstract:
Abilities of Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) tips to remove materials during nanomachining depends critically on the tip bluntness. To describe the actual shapes of AFM tips, four diff erent non-axisymmetric tips as received from the manufacturer were studied. Each tip was scanned first along a tip characterizer; and then it was used for depth-sensing nanoindentation of soft elastic polycarbonate (PC) samples. Th e tip characterizer is a special test structure consisting of an array of silicon sharp pin-like tips. The devices employed allowed us to extract very accurate data on the real shapes of the tips. Before the use of the tip characterizer, after its use, and aft er nanoindentation, two-dimensional Scanning Electron Microscope images of the tip profi les were obtained. The images showed that AFM tips were undamaged. The actual tip bluntness was characterized by approximation of the shape as powerlaw functions of degreed. Th e values of d extracted by the power-law fitting of the tips gave d ≈ 2. However, AFM tips are not fixed vertically but they are actually inclined by 12o to the cantilever beam. Applying the Borodich contact problem rescaling formulae to the load-displacement curves, one can also extract the degree d of the shape bluntness; the d values were in the range 3.4-4.5. These values were in agreement with the power-law fitting of the inclined tips. Th e inclination of the tip can aff ect suffi ciently the effectiveness of nanomachining. Bluntness of the AFM tips used for studying the surface topography can be also characterized by the above procedure.
- Nano Science and Technology ; Advanced Nanomaterials ; Nanobiomaterials ; Molecular Nanotechnology ; Nano Systems and their Design ; Nano Materials Synthesis and Characterisation ; Nano Computational Modelling ; Further perspectives on nanostructures for single-molecule vibrational spectroscopy
Chair
Michael Hietschold
Technische Universität Chemnitz, Germany
Co-Chair
Yuko S Yamamoto
Kagawa University, Japan
Session Introduction
Eda Göz
Ankara University, Turkey
Title: Combined delivery of BMP-6 and PDGF-BB from chitosan scaffolds for osteoblastic differentiation
Biography:
Eda Göz has completed her PhD from Ankara University. She is a Research Assistant of Chemical Engineering department, Ankara University.
Abstract:
The aim of this study was to design a 3D-construct capable of delivering multiple growth factors in a controlled manner for bone tissue engineering applications. Platelet derived growth factors(PDGF-BB) and bone morphogenic protein-6 (BMP-6) were loaded in gelatin microparticles and poly (3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-3-hydroxyvaleric acid) (PHBV) sub-micron particles to acquire diff erent release kinetics. Growth factor carrying particles were loaded in 3D chitosan scaff olds prepared by freeze-drying. Release kinetics of dual delivery was investigated in-vitro by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The effect of single or dual delivery of PDGF-BB and BMP-6 on osteoblastic diff erentiation and proliferation was evaluated by using MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts for 21 days. Th e viability of MC3T3-E1 cells was followed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) at 1,3,5,7, 14 and 21st days of culture period. Cell morphology and mineral formation was detected by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis at the 4th, 7th, 14th days. Real Time Protein Chain Reaction (RTPCR) was performed to clarify the osteogenic diff erentiation. For this purpose gene expressions of β-actin, RunX2, collagen type I (Col I), osteocalcin (OCN) and osteopontin (OPN) of the MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblastic cell cultures were evaluated for 7,14 and 21st days of culture period. As a consequence of this study, PDGF-BB release is faster than BMP-6 release. Th e faster release of PDGF-BB from scaff olds resulted in an increased MC3T3-E1 cell population on chitosan scaff olds. According to the RT-PCR results, osteogenic markers of RunX2, Col I, OPN were higher on scaff olds loaded with growth factors either individually or in combination. Moreover, OCN expression and bone mineral formation were remarkable on scaff olds incorporating PDGF-BB and BMP-6 as a combination.This result was compatible with SEM and EDX analysis of chitosan scafold that include both PDGF-BB and BMP-6.
Fatemeh Bahadori
Bezmialem Vakif University, Turkey
Title: Targeted cancer therapy using nano-micelles made of natural bio-compatible materials
Biography:
Fatemeh Bahadori has completed her PhD at Istanbul Technical University, Department of Organic Chemistry. She has had a year of Assistantship at University of Ilinois at Chicago, USA during her course of PhD studies. She is an Assistant Professor at Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul-Turkey since 2014. She has published more than 15 papers in reputed journals and two chapters in international books.
Abstract:
During the last decades, delivering biologically active molecules using nano materials (nano drug delivery systems; NDDS), have gained increasing attention in a wide range of applications from sensing and imaging to treatment of disease. Th e superior properties of nano materials provide numerous feasibilities such as controlling the release of drugs, targeting and imaging of cancer tumors, increasing serum half-life of bioactive molecules, passing over blood brain barrier etc. By targeting cancer side, it is possible to obtain a better efficacy with a lower dose of the chemotherapeutic agent. However, this would be possible only if the material used in synthesis of nano-drug delivery system is both biocompatible and biodegradable. Nano-micelles made of amphiphilic materials are superior in all above-mentioned properties compared to other NDDS. They simultaneously form in aqueous media and this provides easy production especially in industrial scale. However, their application has been associated with some stability problems and not all amphiphilic materials are non-toxic. According to our studies, natural materials show the best toxicity profi le in vivo and it is possible to enhance their stability using some other natural products as well. In this presentation, we will discuss synthesis and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of micelles made of organic natural materials such as phospholipids, chitosan and glycolipids. We will compare their cytotoxicity and genotoxicity compared to synthetic polymers.
Martin Ntwaeaborwa
University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
Title: Lanthanides doped upconversion metal oxide nanocomposites for solar cell application
Biography:
Martin Ntwaeaborwa is Professor of Physics at the University of the Free State in Bloemfontein, South Africa. He has published more than 190 articles and has given numerous invited talks at local and international conferences. He is the Director of UNESCO-TWAS Centre of Excellence for advancement of science in
developing countries
Abstract:
There has been a growing demand to develop low cost but effi cient solar cell devices either to compete on an equal footing basis or to replace conventional multicrystalline photovoltaic cells. Th is has called for development of new advanced materials, new generation and confi guration of solar devices. Because of this, photovoltaic industry has, in the past few decades, experienced
rigorous transformation where traditional solar cells formed by compact semiconductor layers have been joined by new kinds of cells constituted by complex mixture of organic, inoroganic and solid or electrolyte materials and rarely rely on charge separation at nanoscale. In addition, new materials based on a combination of large bandgap semiconducting metal oxide, ceramic and metal oxide/sulfi de nanocomposites that are transparent and conductive and have low electrical resistance are being developed to improve the power conversion effi ciency of the new generation of solar cell devices. We synthesized rare-earths (Er3+, Tm3+, Yb3+) doped Al2O3-TiO2 metal oxide nanocomposites and examined their structure, particle morphology and photoluminescent properties. We demonstrated the intense infrared to visible upconverted luminescence in Al2O3-TiO2 co-ativated with Er3+-Tm3+ and Er3+-Yb3+ when excited using the fi bre coupled 980 nm laser. The mechanism responsible for upconversion that involves the sequential two photon absorption will be discussed. These materials were evaluated for use as upconversion layers in solar cells.
Biography:
Satoshi Sasaki has completed his PhD in 2006 from Kyoto University and worked as a Post-doctoral fellow at Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (France) and Northwestern University (USA) from 2006-2008. He has been an Assistant Professor of the ISIR, Osaka University (Japan) between 2008 and 2015 and joined the University of Leeds in 2015 as a Lecturer in the School of Physics and Astronomy. He has published more than 40 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as guest editor of a special issue of Crystals focused on “Topological Crystalline Insulators: Current Progress and Prospects”.
Abstract:
Inspired by the discovery of topological insulators, material science on topological quantum phase that has shed light on Berry phase physics of wavefunctions has been of great interest. Notably, various types of topological materials have been searched and studied to demonstrate novel phenomena that can be derived from exotic properties of elementary excitations such as Dirac, Wyle, or Majorana fermions (MFs). In particular, searching for MFs – particles that are their own antiparticles, and therfore uncharged – is challenging but important for developping future quantum technologies. Topological materials that can superconduct are candidates to host the MFs at their surfaces. Recently, by tailoring metal-impurity levels in topological crystalline insulator tin telluride (SnTe) samples, we have observed surprisingly robust superconducting behaviour. In my talk, we will report the fi rst successful growth of superconducting indium-doped SnTe (Sn1-xInxTe) nanoplates on Si substrates by a simple vapour transport method without employing any catalyst. Th e relation between the critical temperature and the carrier density was found to be consistent with that of bulk single crystals, suggesting that the superconducting properties of the nanoplate devices are essentially the same as those of bulk crystals. With the help of nanofabrication, growing the superconducting nanostructure crystals has opened exciting perspectives to fabricate devices for Majorana-based topological quantum computations.
Werner Lottermoser
Salzburg University, Austria
Title: The uniting of spectroscopy and diffractometry to the common benefi t of nanoscience
Biography:
Werner Lottermoser has completed his thesis work about neutron diffraction and magnetism of special silicates from Francfort University (Germany) and University Lecturing Qualifi cation on Single Crystal Mössbauer Spectroscopy (SCMBS) in 1996 from Salzburg University (Austria). He is now working on sub-nanometric imaging, nanomaterials and materials for industrial applications. He has published more than 65 papers in reputed journals and 150 abstracts and has been serving e.g. for one year as a referee board member at the Journal of Physical Chemistry A. Recently, he was awarded the Austrian Staatspreis for Innovation together with AB-Microelectronics, Salzburg.
Abstract:
Several years ago, spectroscopy and diff ractometry have still been treated as different methods with different kinds of scientific conclusions. However, by our studies it has become possible to unify a special branch of spectroscopy, Single Crystal Mössbauer Spectroscopy (SCMBS)/NMR/NQR and, on the other hand, X-ray/Synchrotron and Neutron Diffractometry. Moreover, the results of DFT calculations could be implied as well. The common link is the electric field gradient that can be experimentally derived from the spectroscopic methods, theoretically by DFT and semi-quantitatively by diffractometry through Fourier inversion of difference electron densities (DEDs). We have created a special sophisticated soft ware system which is able to show these DEDs fl oating threedimensionally in space within the crystal unit cell together with the relevant efg. By this it is possible to gain an uncompared insight in structure-property relationships in as much as some of the above spectroscopic and diff ractometric methods are sensitive to magnetism. For the first time, at least to our knowledge, real (not simulated!) atomic/molecular 3d orbitals can be seen by the viewer, the reason due to which the method is called Difference Electron Nanoscope (DEN). Since 3D viewing on a screen without tools is difficult to achieve, a special procedure is applied to perform a rather striking 3D imaging. Th e method is demonstrated on special examples. With further achievements in synchrotron diff raction and data processing, however, it should be possible to dispose of an online-version of the DEN within a couple of years.
Tamitake Itoh
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan
Title: Examination of strong interaction between plasmon and molecular exciton by surface enhanced spectroscopy
Biography:
Tamitake Itoh has completed his PhD in 2002 from Osaka University and has done postdoctoral studies in Kwansei Gakuin University during 2002 to 2005. He
is currently the Senior researcher of National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan. He has published more than 100 papers in
reputed journals.
Abstract:
Electromagnetic (EM) enhancement of the molecular optical responses close to plasmonic nanostructures used in surface enhanced spectroscopy enables us ultra-sensitive detection and in situ characterization. Recently, the research fields of EM enhancement have entered a new research regime wherein the enhancement eff ects are connected to plasmon-induced photochemical reactions. For this regime, the theorem used to understand the EM enhancement eff ect should be re-examined, because such photochemical reactions are beyond the assumptions in the theorem. Th us, the EM mechanism firstly is summarized by using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), which is the most general optical response using an EM enhancement, and determine the limitations of the EM mechanism in SERS. Secondly, we discuss the necessity of re-examining the EM mechanism with respect to three breakdowns of the approximations in Fermi’s golden rule: the breakdown of the molecular electronic dynamics by the ultra-fast plasmonic deexcitation, the breakdown of the weak coupling between the plasmon and molecular exciton by strong EM enhancement, and the breakdown of the selection rule of SERS by the field-gradient eff ect. Th ese breakdowns allow the observation and control of molecular functions that remain hidden by previous spectroscopic methods.
Chiara Busa
University of Birmingham, UK
Title: Novel bottom-up sub-micron architectures for advanced functional materials
Biography:
Chiara Busa’ has completed her scientifi cally oriented secondary school in 2005. She obtained her BSc in 2009 in Chemistry and Master’s in Chemical Science in 2012 from the University of Florence (IT). She moved to Sweden, where she was consultant in Applied Physics at Chalmers University of Technology (SE). In 2014, she joined Pola Goldberg-Oppenheimer group (Advanced Nano-Materials, Structures and Application) to undertake her PhD in Chemical Engineering at the
University of Birmingham (UK).
Abstract:
DNA nanotechnologies had a major development during the last two decades. Th eir real potential and versatility began to be investigated and understood with the synthesis of a polyhedron-structured DNA molecule. Due to the intrinsic properties of DNA and developments in sequence design, diff erent polyhedral, either in shape and/or dimensions were synthesised. Custom-tailored properties and high yields are characteristic of these structures. In this project, the main work was represented by the disposition, anchoring and imaging of self-annealed DNA polyhedron, with high yield and stability of the molecules. Th e last step consists in formation a gold layer on top of the pre-annealed DNA polyhedron, in order to build a specifi cally-patterned gold materials with optical responses. According to previous studies, specific strands of DNA sequence were designed, to anneal and form a geometric 3D tetrahedron, with >90% yield. Th e anchoring of the DNA structures was carried out on TEM carbon grids, where the structures where demonstrated to firmly immobilise on the surface. Hence, the gold layer deposition was carried out by electroplating, due to the conductive nature of the TEM grid employed. AFM and TEM are the predominant techniques carried out for characterizing the structures and their disposition on the substrates in each stage of this work.
Esra Cihan
Izmir Institute of Technology, Turkey
Title: Polymeric micelle embedded chitosan nano particles as hydrophobic drug carrier
Biography:
She was born in 11 May 1990, Izmir. She graduated from Bergama Anatolian High School and completed Chemistry at Pamukkale University. Graduated from
Pamukkale University in 2012. After graduation she works for a year as a teacher. In 2013 she starts to study Chemistry as a master student at İzmir Instıtute of Technology. She is still studying her thessis project . She is interested in particle scienes, colloid chemistry and interfacial phenomenon. She also tend to biomaterials and bio-designed systems.
Abstract:
When formulated in a nano-particulate form, chitosan (CS) has proved to be a very eff ective agent for drug delivery owing to its extremely attractive properties such as its pH sensitive character and its solubility in aqueous medium. Therefore, the synthesis of micelle embedded chitosan nano particles that are suitable for oil soluble drugs was the purpose of this study. However, even production of nano-sized chitosan particles with well-defined morphology and stability is diffi cult by using the classical gelation route. Therefore, a new production method that combines ionic gelation and three phase emulsion (o/w/o) techniques in an interesting way was used and micelle embedded chitosan nano particles were able to manufacture successfully. These nano-particles were then characterized using TEM, FTIR and DLS-LDV.
Sabina Yeasmin
University of Calcutta, India
Title: Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using tamarind kernel powder and Acacia nilotica via a green route and its cytotoxicity study
Biography:
Sabina Yeasmin has completed her MSc in Biochemistry from West Bengal State University and currently persuing PhD from Polymer Science & Technology department of University of Calcutta. She was the topper in MSc and got the DST-INSPIRE fellowship. She has two publications in reputed journals and one book chapter.
Abstract:
This paper introduces green synthesis of shape controlled silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) through mutual actions of Acacia nilotica and tamarind kernel powder (TKP).Th e AgNPs have been characterized using several techniques. Resultant particles were further studied for exertion of cytotoxic eff ect on diff erent cancer cell lines. Morphological study shows that the nanoparticles are mostly spherical in shape with a range of particle size of 10-42 nm. Results showed that the IC50 dose of Ag NPs is capable of significantly elevating intracellular reactive oxygen species and diminishing mitochondrial membrane potential, indicating the eff ective involvement of apoptosis in cell death. These results clearly show that the nanoparticles have excellent biomedical application.